The Ethnic Inequalities Faced In Canada Sociology Essay

The Ethnic Inequalities Faced In Canada Sociology Essay Immigration into Canada totally changed the racial diversity of the Canadian population. In their study Gee et al. (2007) noted that since the beginning of European immigration and settlements, the Canadian society has been ordered based on racial and ethnic dimensions. Ethnicity has occupied a central position in Canadians rising inequality (2007:3). John Porter first studied this subject in 1965 and found that entry into the Canadian elite class was racially-ranked and determined by income, ethnic prestige and occupations. His findings found that, British-Canadians topped the group, French-Canadians took second position, and other European-Canadians were third while Blacks and Aboriginals-visible minorities occupied the bottom strata. Economic Inequalities Empirical examples shows that, substantial and convincing studies have been done on ethnically or racially-based economic inequalities in Canada. Well studied areas on this subject include income disparities and inequality in occupations. Gee et al. (2007) summarized the various studies done on this subject. (Reitz and Banerjee 2007) concluded that visible minorities in Canada have higher poverty rates and lower comparable incomes than ethnic Canadians of European origin. Gee et al. (2007) noted that recent studies on ethnic/racial orientations of income inequalities show that, household incomes of Aboriginals and visible minorities are usually low than those of Canadians with a European Origin. This is despite the fact that such studies have been conducted by different researchers at different times and applying different racial classifications and control variables. They further noted that racial disparities in the household incomes of European-Canadians have nearly minimized. Additionally, they also found indications showing that Canadians of southern European origin earn lower incomes than Canadians of British origin, while Canadians of French Origin earned much far better (2007:14). On occupations, (Nakhaie 1997 as cited in Gee et al. 2007:16) found that British-Canadians continue leading the class of Canadian elites, despite the fact that Canadians of other origins have made efforts to join the elite class over the years. Gee et al. (2007) also noted that the correlation between ethnicity/racism and occupation can be studied in two different ways. One way is by establishing whether certain ethnic groups are concentrated in specific occupations (based on division of labor). The other alternative is evaluating the position of racial groups in the Hierarchy or strata of prestigious occupations (2007:17). Applying the first dimension, and using the male gender, studies showed that Aboriginals dominate the construction and building industries representing more than double of the Canadian male populations. They are extremely underrepresented in administrative and management occupations. Their women counterparts are represented in service jobs. They therefore conclude d that, the Canadian labor force is more gendered than ethnically-based. In terms of prestige of occupations, Jewish, British and Chinese Canadians top the hierarchy. Blacks, Greeks, Aboriginals and Portuguese Canadians occupy the lower strata in that order. In the case of the female gender, the picture doesnt change. In this case ethnicity and racism outweighs gender. Employment and Home Ownership Despite the fact that Canada among the first countries to assume multiculturalism as a policy, cases of social discrimination against visible minorities have existed in history. Racial minorities were supposed to perform duties deemed undesirable for the whites. During the construction of the Canadian National Railway, Chinese males were desirable source of cheap labor. After its completion, the Chinese were no longer valuable. A head tax was indeed imposed on Chinese immigrants to Canada (Kendall, Murray, and Linden, 1997). (Li 2000 as cited in Reitz and Banerjee 2007:6) noted that the main economic problem that ethnic minority immigrants face in Canada is securing sufficient employment. This is associated with amicable reasons like, the entry effect-related to immigration problems and adjusting to the new environment (urban settlement), academic qualifications and racism. Ethnic minority immigrants experience more impediments than immigrants of European-origin (Reitz and Banerjee 2007:6) Gee et al. (2007) asserted that findings show that in terms of home ownership, the picture is no different. It reflects the same strata as it is observed in household income levels and occupations. Osberg (2008:33) noted that, despite the fact that much literature has ignored the role of interest rates, wealth distribution, and household incomes of the wealthy and focused on earning trends, Canada now has much information on economic and other social inequalities and broad conclusions are apparent. He concludes that data shows an increase in economic inequality in Canada today. Health Inequalities Better health care is one of the basic needs that all human beings aspire to get any ware in the world. Low household incomes are frequently linked with poor health. Despite intensified research and studies on health inequality in Canada, little attention has been directed at ethno-cultural disparities on health. Gee et al. (2007) looked at both heath care access and health status. However much of the literature that they examined didnt show a direct correlation between ethnicity and health status. In some instances data showed that, some recent immigrants, irregardless of race or ethnic group had better health than their Canadian-born counterparts. This healthy immigrant effect was however associated with the health requirements in the Canadian immigration act that locked out immigrants with chronic health conditions. Their studies concluded that Canadians whose mother tongue is non-English or non-French are economically disadvantaged. Recent visible immigrants are typically disadvantaged. Their analysis also found significant disparities in health status and utilization depending on country of immigrant and language. The health status of recent Immigrants declines as their years of stay in Canada increase. This is because they hardly report for medical checkups, due to the fear discriminati on, prejudice and low household incomes. Perceptions of Discrimination and Prejudice: A Barrier to Social Cohesion Ethnic and racial inequality might be less decisive if it is as a result of circumstances amicable to the visible minority, such as status of new immigrants, language differences, or academic and technical training not compliant with Canadian requirements. In other words inequality would not be a threat to social cohesion if it is viewed as legitimate. The feeling of discrimination, prejudice and racism is another issue all together (Reitz and Banerjee 2007:8). A 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey, which sought to get views of individual experiences of ethnic and racial discrimination, showed that 35.9% of all the respondents consisting visible minorities reported cases of discrimination and prejudice compared with 10.6% of all Whites who responded to the Survey, of the visible minorities, blacks recorded the highest rate at 49.6%. (20007: 8:9). The Visible minorities also reported incidences of perceived discrimination of their ethnic group. Despite improving economic status of immigrants as they cope up with Canadian environment and society an ethnic divide in perceptions of racial discrimination is eminent among immigrants with longer stay and experience in Canada (2007:9), this is even more persistence among children. Cases of non-recognition of immigrant qualifications also abound, despite in some cases being equivalent to those of native Canadians. Failure to recognize foreign qualifications and experience are some of the barriers that visible minorities come across as they seek employment. Racial discrimination is viewed with skepticism in Canada, but the mutual covenant is that it exists and cannot be ignored. It is true that one of the effects of racial discrimination of minorities is its impact on the social cohesion of the Canadian society. Social cohesion generally means the capacity of a society to formulate, implement and adhere to policies that guide it. Lack of it may lead to conflicts and civil disorders as it happened in France and the United Kingdom. Other effects may be failure of a group to participate in making decisions and sometimes withdrawing its support for certain decisions or societal policies. Integrating ethnic minorities is an important issue in Canada. Social integration and social cohesion are mutually exclusive and cannot be separated. Proper social integration of minority ethnic groups in Canada is a sine qua non for a peaceful and prosperous society that is viewed by its occupants as a means to the achievement of their needs. This will strengthen the Canadian society; raise the spirit of inclusiveness, civic and voluntary participation in activities concerning human life. Conclusion Inequality is a social evil; no society is a friend to it. The above revelations reveal that forms of inequality based on ethnic considerations exist in Canada irregardless of how minute they are. This is a big concern to racial minorities. It is not only a challenge to the racial group that experience it, but also to the whole Canadian society in terms of forging a peaceful and an all inclusive society acceptable to all. The process of socially integrating ethnic minorities into Canadian society is often slower than that of European immigrants. This is often associated with their feeling of exclusion and perceived discrimination. Of emphasis is that economic integration should match social integration, none should supersede the other. Existing Canadian policies and legal structures are laudable against racial discrimination and economic inequality. This is possibly due to international conventions and pressure to eliminate global racism and ethnicity, but it is not clear whether they are sufficient in addressing the issues that affect minority ethnic groups in Canada. However may consent is that ethnic prejudice and discrimination is a social construction that can only be changed by the subconscious minds of individuals-the way we think and see others. We should all join hands and fight ethnic inequality. We should judge others by their competence and content of their minds rather than the pigmentation of their skin. There shall be no solution to this race problem until, you yourselves, strike the blow for liberty-Marcus Garvey

Apple vs Samsung

Which one is better, Apple or Samsung? Along with the rapid development of science and technology, electronic products has became a very important part of our life. And there are many electronic companies in the world such as Apple, Sony and Samsung. Apple and Samsung are two of the most famous electronic companies in the world. They both produce abundant kinds of electronic products such as smartphones, tablets and computers. So there are many comparisons of these two companies' products. In 2011, there is a lawsuit of Apple accused the Samsung that they damage their many patents in samrtphones and tablets fields (Jackson, 3).Also Apple's complaint included specific federal claims for patent infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, and trademark infringement, as well as state-level claims for unfair competition. (Jackson, 4)Although Apple won the lawsuit, however after that the Samsung accused Apple as well. And these lawsuits are still continuous. These make p eople pay more attention of the comparison of the two companies. Many people want to know which one is the best electronic company in the world. To answer this question different people have different ideas.Most people think Apple is better, however others prefer Samsung. And, following are researches about the two companies, they will tell people the reasons that why Apple is better. Apple Inc. is an multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company was founded on April 1, 1976, and incorporated on January 3, 1977( –, para. 9). There are many kinds of products that it produce, however Its best-known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company.Its software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems and the iTunes media browser ( Fisher , 3). Apple is the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012 (Fisher, 5). However, the company has received widespread criticism for its contractors' labor practices, and for Apple's own environmental and business practices (Musgrove, 35). All these things tell us that Apple is a successful company and it have a powerful strength. pic] Figure 1 The logo of Apple This logo is the logo of the Apple Inc. The silvery white give a person with science and technology feeling. This is the meaning of the logo: the bite off the gap arouse the curiosity of people, doubt, want to know the taste of apple will personally have a taste (Niv N. P. ). According to Michael M. Scott the former pre sident of Apple Inc. â€Å"it is the most expensive and creative logo ever designed. â€Å"( para, 5) Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.It comprises numerous subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean company. Samsung produces around a fifth of South Korea's total exports and its revenues are larger than many countries' GDP; in 2006, it would have been the world's 35th-largest economy. The company has a powerful influence on South Korea's economic development, politics, media and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the â€Å"Miracle on the Han River† (kelly, 56). Samsung is also a great company, it is the South Korea's national industry.And it is the pride of all the South Korea people. As well Samsung is a company has a long history, it was made up in 1938, and with the 75 years of development, it has became a world-class company. Samsung also has many famous products, but the most well-known is the Galaxy series products, such as smartphones Galaxy s3 and tablets Galaxy note2. [pic]Figure 2 The logo of Samsung This figure is the logo of Samsung company, it is a concise and clear design, and the sideling background expressed Samsung people's positive and enterprising spirit (Niv N. P. ).All above show people the powerful of the Samsung company, it has the strength to compete with the Apple company. With the fast development of technology, a lot of new stuff appeared. These products become the most powerful things to prove the technology of their company. Many experts do researches to compare these products of two companies because products can tell people the quality of each company clearly. In addition , all the products top class products from smartphones and tablets market. Such as iphone5 and galaxy s3. People compare every details of them and try find which one is better.Through Chaffin's resear ch people can found that a lot of evidences that believe iphone5 is better. Firstly, iphone5 unveiled at 2012 September, at the first week, iPhone 5 sold millions. Even galaxy s3 sold 10 millions units during 4 months, iphone5 just cost 7 days got the half number of galaxy s3 sold for four months( Chaffin, 1). Then, he make some further analysis that start with design. The thick of iphone5 is 7. 6mm and galaxy3 is 8. 6 mm. iPhone 5 just makes the body as thin as possible, a full millimeter less than Samsung galaxy 3. ( Chaffin, 3). And apple has also try to make the phone feel a bit less severe in the hand.Even there also had some slight issue happened on iphone5, because of a part of outer skin made by aluminum ,the character is more easier be scratched. A lot of user feels a little angry about this. Next, for screen, obviously galaxy 3’s is bigger. but the Apple's technology is higher. it makes the screen looks more clear. For power, just like before iPhone always use non-r emovable battery and galaxy use removable battery(Chaffin, 3). According to this research, they think iPhone5 is better than galaxy s3. From this, Apple is better than Samsung in Smartphone field.When it comes to tablet market. According to Catanzariti the tablet expert ,†New pad have the best scream –‘retina'. The ‘retina' screen is by far and away the best display on any mobile device we've come across. (page, 2) . People can see the texts on this screen more clearly and easily. Even Photos and videos look bright and vivid can have a better presentation. The iPad's screen is so sharp that it constantly highlights the low quality of many images on the Internet ( Catanzariti, para3). By comparison, the Samsung Galaxy Note 10. 1 has a larger screen with a rather standard low resolution .Whatever from the definition or the presentation of texts and pictures Samsung Galaxy Note less the than the new iPad. This means it won't be able to display the same super cr isp text as higher resolution screens. ( Catanzariti, para5). So most researchers prefer New iPad, and it can prove that Apple is better than Samsung in tablet field. In computer market, Apple is better , Apple's computers such as Macbook is one of the top class computers in the world, and Samsung do not has any computer reach it. Young people prefer Apple's computers because its fashion appearance design and they give them a sense of science and technology.However, the Samsung's computer do not have these factors, just have a common appearance. Adult people prefer Apple's computers because they have a perfect operating system, and it's very help for design and other professional works. In addition , Apple computers users are more than 3 times of Samsung's users in the USA ( –, para 7). Researchers also do many researches of satisfaction. According to J. D. POWER& ASSOCIATES 2012 U. S. TABLET SATISFACTION STUDY, apple tablets are tops in customer satisfaction. The study measu red satisfaction using five factors on a combined 1,000 point among customer who used their tablet for less than 2 years.The factors include such as performance, ease of operation, styling and design, features, and price. [pic]Figure 3 Tops In User Satisfaction:TWICE: This Week in Consumer Electronics Figure 3 show Apple’s tablet satisfaction is most high, achieving a score of 848 by considering well in performance, ease of operation, styling and design, and features. Amazon followed closely at 841, and Samsung came in third as got 827 rating. And below the industry average of 832 points, followed by Acer, Barnes &Noble, and HP. Gap between Samsung and Apple's score of 21.Although it is a low number ,his is not a number to be ignored, because the users number of their tablets are very high. In comparison with the only Apple and Samsung, as this research, customer prefer Apple’s tablet more than Samsung’s tablet. Some people can say that this study alone, in this paper’s conclusion cannot say Apple is better. However, The survey was based on experiences reported by 1,985 tablet owners in July 2012. (Calif, para 6) Overall satisfaction was 857 among owners who watch three or more hours of video per week on their tablet, or 45 points more than people who don’t. Calif, para7) In addition, people who spend three or more hours seeing video are more likely to purchase another tablet from their current manufacturer in the future than are those who do not watch as much video content, the company said. The percentages are 90 percent and 81 percent, respectively. The survey also found that tablet owners spend 7. 5 hours per week browsing the Internet, watching videos, listening to music and reading books on their device compared with 9. 6 hours per week on a personal computer for the same activities. As can see, tablet was used various functions and multiple perform by applications that use the master. Calif, para 8) When seen from a va riety of used tablet, Can expect that the Apple tablet preference and other Apple’s products are also better than Samsung’s one. As mentioned earlier in this paper, as well as that Apple can be seen to people to more go ahead and advanced technology, productivity than Samsung’s did. With the researches above, more people prefer Apple. However according to the Beer Jeff the author of [APPLE SMASHER â€Å"In the second quarter of 2012, Samsung shipped about 50 million smartphones, the most ever sipped in a single quarter by any vendor, according to market research firms Strategic Analytics and IDC Worldwide.By contrast, in the latest quarter Apple sold 26 million iPhones and Research In Motion shipped just 7. 4 million Blackberries†. (Para 7) He also discusses about the consumer goods company Samsung, and also pay attention on the Samsung’s business strategies about how Samsung can selling more smartphones than the company Apple. Besides this article include what different between Samsung and Apple’s social media marketing, hardware and software. However, he just talk about the sales of only one year and only in the smartphone field.When it comes to the whole electronic products market share, Apple takes more parts than Samsung. The user of Apple of electronic products is also more than the users of Samsung. In addition, after the Samsung lost the lawsuit, many Samsung users sold their phones, they wonder some functions of Samsung phones would not work. Samsung indispensable to Apple is a good competitor, Of these two companies compete, consumers are able to access the more advanced technology. These positive competition exist Samsung and Apple, and the company has made efforts to better technology and customer service.Therefore, competition continues to be positive, and the evolving technology in consumer products to better fit their own would pick that. (Carrier, 6) The two companies all have their advantages and short comings, they are better than each other in different fields, but with the comparison they have, the both becoming better. In conclusion, this paper shows the various aspects, the current technology in society the more advanced the opinion that Apple's products have. Works Cited Catanzariti, Ross. â€Å"Tablet comparison: Apple new iPad vs.Samsung Galaxy Note 10. 1. † Web. 10 August. 2012. Chaffin,Bryan. Spec Comparison: Apple’s iPhone 5 vs. Samsung Galaxy S3: The Mac Observer. 15 Sep, 2012. Print. Calif, Apple, Amazon Tablets . Tops In User Satisfaction:TWICE: This Week in Consumer Electronics, 1 October. 2012. Beer, Jeff. â€Å"Apple smasher†. 10/29/2012, Vol. 85 Issue 17, p54-57, 4p, 5 Color Photographs. Mlot, Stephanie. † Galaxy S III Helps Samsung Widen Smartphone Lead Over Apple. † Jul 2012, p1-1, 1p. — , â€Å"Apple Investor Relations â€Å"FAQ, Apple inc.Retrieved March 2, 2007. Kelly ,Olsen . â€Å"Samsung chairman resigns over sca ndal†. Associated Press via Google News. Archived fromthe original. Retrieved June 4, 22. Jackson,White International Business Times. â€Å"Apple vs. Samsung-The Legal Battle†. 05 Oct. 2012 Fisher, Anne â€Å"America's Most Admired Companies†. Fortune 157 (5): 65–67. March 17, 2008 Carrier, Michael A. â€Å"A Roadmap to the Smartphone Patent Wars and FRAND Licensing† (PDF). CPI Antitrust Chronicle (Social Science Electronic Publishing) . Retrieved July 27, 2012.

Concept Concepts Of Feminine Power Essay - 1558 Words

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The Energy And Sports Drink Industry - 1103 Words

The energy and sports drink industry has been around for more than forty years. In those years the industry has gained many competitors. These competitors are competing to be the most innovative and the best among its competition. Although they all may offer something different, the end goal is to be profitable and to continue to grow globally in this industry. Many companies have succeeded and many have failed. However, the demands for these products are increasing and more people are consuming these beverages on an hourly or daily basis. PepsiCo has been and still is one of the main contenders in the alternative drink industry. They have upset the industry by being the largest seller of beverages in the United States. The company†¦show more content†¦272)†. PepsiCo financial performance has consistently grown since 2009 and has remained in the top as a competitor in the industry. Coca-Cola was discovered in 1886, and is known as the world’s largest beverage company. This company understands the nature of competitive important resources that allows them to identify their best resources and capabilities to continue to advance the company. Coca-Cola’s resources have contributed to the competitive advantages and are important in the company’s future strategies. Gamble (2011) states, â€Å"Even though Cola-Cola was the worldwide leader in carbonate soft drink sales, it had struggled to build market share in alternative beverages and trailed PepsiCo by a significant margin worldwide in energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages. Asia was the only geographic market where Coca-Cola’s sales of alternative exceeded the sales of PepsiCo’s energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages. In the United States, Coca-Cola was the third-largest seller of alternative beverages, with its combined sales of Powerade, Full Throttle, Nos, Rehab, TaB, and Vault energy drinks; glaceau vitaminwater; and Fuze vitamin-enhanced drinks, falling just short of the sales of Red Bull energy drink (p.273)†. Coca-Cola resources and capabilities have to be strengthened and nurtured to remain competitive in the energy and sports drink industry. Red